Evaluation of the effectiveness of Propolis as an alternative antimicrobial for some AMR-pathogenic bacteria

The study aimed to evaluation of the effectiveness of 15, 30, 50 gm bee propolis it was extracted by using 70% and 99% concentration ethanol alcohol which produced from different sources in Baghdad and Sulaymaniyah /Iraq to inhibitor activity against AMR bacteria Proteus vulgaris, K. pneumoniae and E. coil. Two methods were employed for propolis activity evaluation; firstly by agar well diffusion method using 15, 30 and 50 g of propolis extracts and ethanol 70% and 99% as the solvent control per well against tested bacteria, and the second method was employed by measuring used antibiotics(Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Cephalexin) were comparison to propolis samples. The most bacteria sensitive against to propolis with mean inhibitory diameters with 70% concentration to Baghdad porpolis (17) mm was P. vulgaris followed by K. pneumoniae (14) and E.coli (18) mm. also 32, 27 and 25 mm respectively with 99% concentration to the same bacteria. While Sulaymaniyah propolis with mean inhibitory diameters with 70% concentration to porpolis was (15) mm was P. vulgaris followed by K. pneumoniae (19) mm and E.coli (20) mm. And with 99% concentration record 35, 33and 39 mm respectively. The propolis extraction 50g with 99% from Sulaymaniyah was the most efficient, as compare with other 15 and 30 g in the same concentration. Less effective was noticed of solvent ethanol (70%) with 15, 30 g propolis in the wells for all tested bacteria. Also the results exhibited that propolis extraction inhibiting to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Cephalexin and showed positive result similar to the antibiotic with more efficient as to antibiotic disc which can be considered as an alternative antibacterial.