Endophytic fungi and insect predators: Synergistic biocontrol plant pest and diseases

In the pursuit of sustainable agricultural practices, the use of biological control agents has emerged as a viable alternative to synthetic chemicals for managing plant pests and diseases. Among these, endophytic fungi and insect predators represent two ecologically compatible and effective components of integrated pest management (IPM). Endophytic fungi live within plant tissues without causing disease and offer benefits such as growth promotion, disease suppression and enhanced resistance to biotic stress. Insect predators, on the other hand, play a crucial role in directly controlling pest populations. This article explores the synergistic potential of combining endophytic fungi and insect predators to achieve holistic pest and disease management. It discusses the mechanisms of action, compatibility, field applications, benefits, challenges and future directions, offering a comprehensive overview of how this dual biocontrol strategy can revolutionize pest management in modern agriculture.