Determination of in Vitro Toxic Effects of Magnesıum Oxide (MgO) and Nickel Oxide (NiO) Nanoparticles on Human Blood Tissue

Nanotechnology is one of the fastest-growing research fields, yet the environmental and biological impacts of nanoparticles remain incompletely understood with the expansion of industry and technology, nanoparticle (NP) release into the environment has increased significantly.This study investigates the toxic effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles at varying doses (10, 100, and 1000 g/mL) on human blood tissue using in vitro methods.Blood samples were divided into control (n = 6) and treatment groups (n = 6).Following NP exposure, erythrocytes and leukocytes were isolated, and antioxidant enzyme activities-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using spectroscopic methods.DNA damage in leukocytes was analyzed using the Comet assay.The results demonstrated that increasing doses of MgO and NiO NPs elevated MDA levels and significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes compared to the control group.DNA damage parameters, including DNA tail percentage, tail length, and tail moment, showed significant increases with higher NP doses in the treatment group.These findings indicate that MgO and NiO NPs negatively affect blood cell antioxidant defense systems and cause oxidative stress and DNA damage.In conclusion, this study highlights the toxic potential of MgO and NiO NPs at high doses in human blood tissue.The results provide valuable insights into the substructure of NP-induced toxicity, emphasizing the importance of understanding their biological and environmental effects.