Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of cardiac troponin I and heart-type fatty-acid binding protein in individuals with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular condition and a leading cause of global death, affecting persons worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI), often termed cardiac arrest, transpires when blood circulation to a segment. The heart's function is reduced or ceased, resulting in the deterioration of cardiac muscle. Biomarkers such as cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) and Heart-type Fatty-Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP) are crucial for identifying individuals with coronary artery diseases and myocardial infarction, hence greatly improving cardiovascular risk evaluation. Aims: Evaluate the diagnostic significance of cTnI and H-FABP as potential predictive biomarkers for patients with cardiovascular disease. Results: The mean concentrations of Troponin and H-FABP in myocardial infarction patients, irrespective of diabetes mellitus status, were significantly elevated in comparison to the control group, the biomarker exhibited a statistically significant difference in patients relative to the controls. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for Troponin was 0.989, while for H-FABP it was 0.922. The diagnostic threshold values for Troponin and H-FABP in myocardial infarction were 0.264 and 0.612, respectively, exhibiting sensitivities of 99.4% and 91.9%, and specificities of 23.8% and 58.8%, respectively. In conclusion, biomarkers such as Troponin I and H-FABP are essential for the identification of individuals with coronary artery diseases and myocardial infarction markedly improving cardiovascular risk assessment, with H-FABP being pertinent in the initial phases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cTnI in the subsequent stages.