Assessment of Oral Health-related Quality of Life and Self-esteem among Cigarette Smokers of Different Nicotine Dependence Levels in Chennai: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Cigarette smoking has a profound impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-esteem. Nicotine dependence exacerbates oral health deterioration, leading to dental issues such as periodontal disease and halitosis, which in turn affect psychological well-being. The study aims to assess the impact of nicotine dependence levels on OHRQoL and self-esteem among cigarette smokers in Chennai. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 160 cigarette smokers at a tertiary hospital-based tobacco cessation centre. Participants were categorised into nicotine dependence levels using the Fagerström Test and carbon monoxide levels. Oral Health Impact Profile-14 was taken to analyse the OHRQoL while self-esteem was measured with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was performed to determine associations. Results: Higher nicotine dependence levels were significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL scores and lower self-esteem ( P < 0.001). Functional limitation, psychological discomfort and physical pain were most affected. Participants with high nicotine dependence reported the lowest self-esteem due to oral health concerns and social stigma. Conclusions: The results indicate the impact of oral health in association with self-esteem due to nicotine dependence where higher dependence to nicotine worsens OHRQoL and lowers confidence, emphasising focus on targeting smoking cessation programs and interventions on oral health to improve overall well-being.