Ecological and biological aspects of the study of weeds and field vegetation (Orenburg region)

One of the most important reserves for increasing agricultural yields is the destruction of weeds in the fields. Accounting for weeds revealed the species composition of weeds and the effect of herbicide treatment on them. In the agrophytocenosis of plot № 1 (control without herbicide treatment), during the germination phase, weed vegetation was represented by 10 plant species. The largest number of weeds from the family Asteraceae – 6 species. Weeds dominated Cirsium arvense (L.), Cirsium vulgare (L.), Cirsium setosum (L.), Sonchus arvensis (L.), Lactuca tatarica (L.). The second series of weed monitoring showed an increase in the number of weeds. In plot № 1, there were 26 species of weeds from 9 families. Most of the weeds were from the families Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae. When examining the agrocenosis of site № 2, 23 species of weeds from 8 families were identified. The most numerous families were Asteraceae − 8 species, Chenopodioideacae − 4 species, Cruciferae − 3 species, Poaceae − 2 species, Polygonaceae − 2, Fabaceae - 2, the rest 1 species each. After treatment with the herbicide Aminka FLO at a rate of 0.5 l/ha, only 2 species of weeds remained : Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) -1, Chenopodium virgatum (L.) – 1.