Palestinian Refugees and Resistance: Martyrdom Operations (Al-Amaliyat Al-Istishhadiya) as a Model<sup>*</sup>

The study aimed to identify martyrdom operations (Al-Amaliyat Al-Istishhadiya) as a model of Palestinian refugees’ resistance. Findings revealed that martyrdom operations have been developed within the framework of the Palestinian resistance to shake off the “Israeli” occupation. Accordingly, Palestinians’ resistance of the occupation is considered a natural response. Since 1948, Palestinians have been exposed to most brutal forms of annihilation, persecution and occupation; they resorted to resistance and martyrdom operations in order to liberate their country from occupation and to defend themselves and their rights and dignity. Palestinian refugee suicide martyrs (Istishhadiyin) choose the approach of martyrdom operations in order to practice their right of return, self-determination, sovereignty and independence based on the UN Charter and the rest of international covenants and conventions, principles of international law and international legitimacy resolutions. The expulsion of Palestinian refugees has turned into a factor of strength for the Palestinian people in the struggle against occupation. Palestinian refugees are more determined to resist until they return to their original villages, towns, and cities.