Research progress on wax deposition mechanisms, influencing factors, prediction models, and wax removal and prevention measures in petroleum systems

This article reviews recent research on wax deposition, with the aim of understanding the formation mechanisms and influencing factors of wax deposition during the pipeline transportation of wax-bearing crude oil. It provides a summary and analysis of the roles of molecular diffusion and aging mechanisms in wax deposition, offering deeper insights into the formation and development of wax. The article also explores in detail how factors such as oil flow temperature, pipeline pressure, flow velocity, and the chemical composition of crude oil affect the characteristics of wax deposition. These insights provide a scientific foundation for understanding deposition mechanisms, optimizing pipeline parameters, and developing effective prevention and control measures. Regarding wax deposition modeling, a model based on molecular diffusion theory, experimental data, and heat transfer mechanisms is presented. Finally, various techniques for inhibiting wax deposition are discussed, with an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as an identification of existing challenges and future research directions. Therefore, this study not only contributes significantly to the advancement of wax deposition theory but also plays a crucial role in enhancing pipeline operation safety and efficiency, as well as advancing flow safety technologies in the petroleum industry.