CLINICAL AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES IN HYPOSPADIAS REPAIR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE STAGE AND MULTISTAGE TECHNIQUES

Introduction: Hypospadias is a congenital malformation affecting 1 in 200 to 1 in 300 live male births. It involves an ectopic urethral meatus and, in severe cases, ventral curvature (chordee). The optimal surgical approach, whether single-stage or multistage repair, remains debated, particularly for complex proximal hypospadias cases. This study aims to compare the clinical and surgical outcomes of single-stage versus multistage hypospadias repairs. Methods: This retrospective study included male patients with anterior or posterior hypospadias who underwent surgical correction between January 2010 and December 2020. Patients were categorized into two groups: those receiving single stage repairs and those undergoing multistage repairs. The study analyzed outcomes, including complications such as wound dehiscence, fistula, and meatal stenosis, alongside functional and cosmetic results. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Of the 30 patients, 46.7% were under 5 years old, and an equal distribution of anterior and posterior hypospadias cases (50% each) was noted. The majority (76.7%) underwent the MAGPI procedure, with 23.3% requiring multistage repairs. Complication rates were higher in the multistage group, with 57.1% experiencing wound dehiscence compared to none in the single-stage group. Overall, 76.7% of patients had no complications. Conclusion: Single-stage repairs, particularly for anterior hypospadias, resulted in fewer complications compared to multistage repairs, especially for posterior cases. The study emphasizes the importance of tailoring surgical approaches based on the severity and type of hypospadias to improve outcomes.