ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a long-term condition that impacts millions of children and often continues into adulthood. It is characterized by challenges such as maintaining focus, excessive activity, and impulsive actions. According to DSM-IV criteria, ADHD affects approximately 6 to 7 percent of individuals under 18 years old. Using ICD-10 criteria, the rates are lower, around 1 to 2 percent for the same age group. Children in North America seem to have a higher prevalence of ADHD compared to those in Africa and the Middle East, though this difference may arise from variations in diagnostic practices. When identical diagnostic approaches are applied, the prevalence rates are relatively similar across nations. Although ADHD cannot be cured, its symptoms can be effectively managed through medications and behavioral strategies. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to achieving better outcomes.