Research Progress on Zanubrutinib and Chlorambucil for CLL Therapy

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a bad type of disease that keeps getting worse in adults all around the world. Some things make people get CLL, like genes, immune system problems, bad stuff in the environment, and radiation. Many doctors find it hard to treat CLL because it grows slowly, and normal cancer medicine does not work well on it. Two medicine types, called Chlorambucil and Zanubrutinib, can help treat this disease. Chlorambucil works by making DNA mess up. It sticks purine and pyrimidine parts together, so DNA breaks and cancer cells cannot copy themselves. Also, this medicine makes something called p53 work differently, which makes cancer cells die or stop growing. When doctors give Zanubrutinib to patients, it stops something called BTK from working right. BTK is very important for B-cells. This medicine sticks to a special part of BTK called cysteine 481. After that, B-cells cannot grow anymore, and cancer stops getting bigger. Zanubrutinib works better than Chlorambucil because it sticks to BTK in a special way. These two medicines work in different ways to fight CLL. The first one messes up DNA, and the second one makes B-cells stop working right by stopping BTK. Both medicines can help sick people, but maybe Zanubrutinib is better because cancer cells cannot learn to fight against it so easily.