Evaluating Osteoporosis Risk Patterns and Prevalence in Adult of Bangladesh: Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound Measurements

Osteoporosis affects the health of more than 200 million individuals in the world. As the population is aging in Bangladesh, there is not enough information about bone health to guide public health strategies. The objective of the research is to determine the prevalence and patterns of reduced bone mineral density in Bangladeshi adult using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and identify associated risk factors. The cross-sectional study conducted in Community based health centre (Momen medical store) and collected data from 190 adult (76 males, 114 females) who were chosen by systematic random sampling. Bone mineral density was measured using QUS at the calcaneus (heel bone). Individuals were assigned T-scores and information about their age group, gender, weight, height and presence of comorbidities was examined using multivariate regression. An alarming 84.2% of participants demonstrated compromised bone health, with 55.8% presenting osteopenia and 28.5% showing reduced ossification. Women exhibited significantly lower mean T-scores (-2.0 ± 0.8) than men (-1.5 ± 0.9, p<0.001). All underweight participants showed compromised bone health, while 57.7% of obese participants maintained normal bone status. Multiple regression identified age (β=-0.220, p=0.013), female gender (β=-0.170, p=0.021), diabetes mellitus (β=-0.190, p=0.013), obesity (β=-0.180, p=0.027), and multimorbidity (β=-0.200, p=0.012) as significant predictors of poor bone health, while moderate physical activity (β=0.160, p=0.047) and higher education (β=0.170, p=0.030) showed protective effects. Bangladeshis of all ages often have compromised bone health, including a higher risk in females, elderly people, diabetics and those with several health problems. These findings stress that all people should regularly have their bones checked and that special effort should be made to prevent problems by focusing on exercise, controlling their weight and diabetes management.