Analysis of The Influence of Human and Technical Factors in Mooring Rope Accidents in Ship Operations at The Ports of Indonesia

Ship mooring operations at the port are one of the critical activities on board a ship that ‎involves the use of mooring lines to secure the position of the ship while at the dock. This study ‎aims to identify various human and technical factors that contribute to mooring line accidents ‎during ship operations at the port, evaluating how effectively the safety management system ‎is implemented in Indonesian ports. This study uses a mixed-methods approach regarding the ‎influence of human and technical factors in mooring line accidents on ship operations at the port. ‎The study population includes all personnel involved in ship mooring operations at four ports in ‎Indonesia. The results show that operational time pressure has a strong total effect (0.73) on ‎communication errors through the mechanism of fatigue. In addition, a weak safety culture ‎contributes significantly to material failure (0.60) through inadequate maintenance. The strong ‎correlation between lack of training and inadequate maintenance (r=0.56) shows how ‎deficiencies in personnel competence can impact the technical aspects of mooring operations. The ‎high correlation between fatigue and operational time pressure (r=0.71) highlights the impact of ‎efficiency demands on the physical and mental condition of workers. The development of ‎standardized communication protocols and mandatory pre-operational briefings can be an ‎effective strategy to mitigate the risk of mooring line accidents in the short term, while in the ‎long term, a combination of technical, operational, management, and regulatory interventions is ‎needed to comprehensively address the risk factors‎.