Multiparameter Constraints on Empirical Infrasound Period-Yield Relations for Bolides and Implications for Planetary Defense
Abstract How effective are methods for estimating bolide energies from infrasound signal period-yield relationships? A single global period–energy relation can obscure significant variability introduced by parameters such as the atmospheric Doppler wind profile and the bolide’s energy deposition profile as a function of altitude. Bolide speed, entry angle, burst altitude, and multiepisode fragmentation may all play a role in defining the detected period of the shockwave. By leveraging bolide light-curve data from the Center for Near Earth Object Studies, we re-examined the period–energy relation as a function of these parameters. Through a bootstrap approach, we show that various event subsets can deviate from widely cited period–energy models and we identify which specific conditions most strongly reshape the period–energy scaling. The results define both the fidelity and reliability of period–energy relations when no additional data beyond the infrasound record is available and improve the outcome when supporting data from bolide trajectories and light curves are included. Ultimately, these findings expand the scope of earlier models, providing a nuanced and robust framework for infrasound-only yield estimation under a range of bolide scenarios.
Authors
- Miro Ronac Giannone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8752-2263)
- M. B. Boslough (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-4608)
- Claus Hetzer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-2895)
- Christoph Pilger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-6444)
- Reynold E. Silber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7534-8023)
- Brin Bailey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7968-3859)
- Sasha Egan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-7303)
- Elizabeth A. Silber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-1409)
- Patrick Hupe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0864-812X)
- Alexander N. Cohen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-251X)
- Eloy Peña‐Asensio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7257-2150)
- J. M. Trigo‐Rodríguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8417-702X)
- Thomas R. Edwards
- Esther Mas Sanz
- Rodney W. Whitaker
- Peter Jenniskens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4735-225X)
- Philip Lubin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4973-8896)
- Randy Longenbaugh
- Summer Czarnowski
- Vedant Sawal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4327-5438)
- Iyare Oseghae (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6379-4700)
Institutions
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (DE)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (US)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Northern New Mexico College (US)
- New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (US)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- University of Mississippi (US)
- Sandia National Laboratories (US)
- Institute of Space Sciences (ES)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio (US)
- North Dakota State University (US)
- Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (US)
- Politecnico di Milano (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astronomical Journal
- Published
- 2025-06-19
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/add47d
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 7.47