Quantifying Urban Vitality in Guangzhou Through Multi-Source Data: A Comprehensive Analysis of Land Use Change, Streetscape Elements, POI Distribution, and Smartphone-GPS Data

Urban vitality is a critical indicator of urban development quality and livability. However, existing studies often rely on single-source data or subjective evaluation methods, making it challenging to comprehensively and objectively capture the spatial-temporal characteristics of urban vitality. This study takes Baiyun District in Guangzhou as a case study, integrating multiple data sources—including Points of Interest (POI) data, streetscape elements, transportation networks, land use data, and Baidu heat maps—to construct an urban vitality index and explore its key influencing factors. The results reveal the spatial distribution patterns of urban vitality and the varying significance of different determinants, providing data-driven insights and policy implications for urban planning and development.