The Use of Melatonin Implants as a Method for Estrus Suppression in Cats

Melatonin implants have gained attention as an effective and reversible method for estrus suppression in female cats. As seasonally polyestrous animals, cats exhibit cyclic reproductive behavior influenced by photoperiod, with melatonin playing a crucial role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Subcutaneous melatonin implants mimic short daylight conditions, leading to a temporary suppression of ovarian activity and estrus-related behaviors. Studies have demonstrated that melatonin implants extend the interest interest interval for 2–4 months with minimal adverse effects. However, variations in estrus suppression duration and occasional induction of ovulation and pseudopregnancy highlight individual variability in response to treatment. Compared to traditional hormonal contraceptives, melatonin offers a safer alternative without the severe side effects associated with progestins and androgens. Despite these advantages, concerns regarding application challenges, cost, and temporary efficacy persist. Further research is needed to refine dosage protocols, evaluate long-term effects, and address individual response differences. Melatonin implants represent a promising tool for feline reproductive management, particularly for cat breeders and owners seeking a non-surgical alternative to sterilization.