Rising Lives: How Reducing Infant Mortality Drives Life Expectancy in Latin America

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth in 18 Latin American countries during the period 1960-2022, identifying how the reduction in infant mortality has influenced the increase in life expectancy. Methodology: A descriptive and comparative analysis was performed using longitudinal data obtained from the World Bank on life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate, and the Gini Index. Line graphs were used to visualize trends over time and correlations between variables were analyzed at the regional and country levels. Results: The results show a significant inverse correlation between the infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth in most countries. Countries such as Chile, Costa Rica, Uruguay, and Cuba have achieved notable improvements, significantly reduced infant mortality, and increased life expectancy. However, notable disparities persist, especially in Guatemala, Honduras, Bolivia, and Venezuela, where progress has been more modest. Conclusion: Reducing infant mortality has been a key factor in improving life expectancy in Latin America. However, the variability in the rates of progress underscores the need for differentiated public policies that address health inequalities, adapted to the specific realities of each country, to ensure equitable development in the region.