IoT-Driven Monitoring and Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems with Supercapacitors in Distribution Networks

Abstract: The prevailing challenges, namely the escalating energy demand and the integration of renewable resources into the grid, have led to a marked increase in the importance of energy storage systems. This study proposes a novel energy storage system that integrates supercapacitors and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries in a hybrid configuration within the electricity distribution grid. The system’s design incorporates supercapacitors, which are distinguished by their rapid charge-discharge capabilities, to address sudden fluctuations in demand, while batteries are utilized to fulfill long-term energy requirements. The hybrid configuration offers optimization in terms of energy and power density, thereby extending battery life and enhancing system safety. The three-dimensional battery pack design, developed using the Altium Designer (CITAI) program, is supported by special connection busbars, voltage regulation, and a Battery Management System (BMS). The prototype system was tested in the Water Tank Electricity Kiosk connected to a 400 kVA transformer in Diyarbakır. The field tests conducted revealed the system’s capacity to cater to both single-phase and three-phase loads. Furthermore, the output voltages, voltage unbalance, and frequency parameters were found to be in accordance with the EN50160 standard. Furthermore, the harmonic analysis results demonstrated that the total harmonic distortion (THD) values remained well below the stipulated limits, thereby ensuring the system’s energy quality remained uncompromised. This study provides a technical model for the integration of hybrid energy storage systems into smart grids and makes significant contributions to the fields of energy supply security and power quality.Cite this article as: E. Kavuş Demir, C. Haydaroğlu, H. Kılıç, M. Çelikpençe, and M. Mustafa Şahin, “IoT-driven monitoring and optimization of hybrid energy storage systems with supercapacitors in distribution networks,” Turk J Electr Power Energy Syst., 2025; 5(2), 86-95.