The role of nurse-led clinics in the fight against Giardia

Giardia is a genus of zoonotic protozoan parasites found primarily in dogs, cats, lagomorphs and rodents. The prevalence in dogs is around 15–30%, with signs of infection including diarrhoea, vomiting and weight loss, although many cases show no clinical signs. This article discusses the clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of Giardia infection (giardiasis), as well as the environmental factors involved in reinfection. It also highlights the veterinary nurse's (VN's) role in educating clients on this topic, particularly in relation to hygiene and treatment compliance. Giardia's life cycle begins as cysts, which are ingested in contaminated water or food, or via faeces, soil or animal hair. The cysts develop into trophozoites in the intestines, before being passed in the faeces as trophozoites and infectious cysts. Diagnosis of giardiasis is typically made through faecal flotation tests. Treatment with fenbendazole or metronidazole can clear the infection, but reinfection is common. Disinfection of surfaces, steam cleaning and good hygiene protocols, practised regularly, are recommended to reduce reinfection. VNs play a crucial role in educating owners on the importance of treatment compliance and effective hygiene protocols, particularly in multi-pet households, as well as advising on aspects of care such as dietary adjustments to treat diarrhoea. Additionally, VN-led clinics can improve client compliance and reduce drug resistance by addressing client concerns about treatment and hygiene. A holistic approach, considering both medical and environmental factors, is essential for the successful treatment and prevention of giardiasis and other zoonotic infections.