Collaborative Energy Schedule of Highway Cluster Microgrids Considering SPEV and Portable Battery Packs Operation Flexibility

ABSTRACT This paper presents a strategic method for optimizing energy distribution in highway cluster microgrids. It employs a model that synchronizes the energy usage of shared power‐exchanging vehicles (SPEVs) with their spatial and temporal dynamics, while prioritizing the operational safety of the microgrids. The strategy begins with applying the DistFlow power flow equation to define the microgrid's voltage and line capacity limits, aligning the energy use of SPEVs and battery packs both temporally and spatially. A comprehensive cost analysis is then conducted, covering aspects like line losses, unit start–stop expenses, and carbon emission costs. Following this, we develop an energy‐scheduling model tailored for highway microgrids, which upholds operational safety and promotes energy sharing among the grid. A case study illustrates the effectiveness of this strategy, showing it not only optimizes SPEV routes and power outputs from distributed generators and battery packs but also achieves cost‐effective, efficient, and eco‐friendly energy use in highway microgrids.