RESULTS OF CREATION AND STUDY OF HYBRID SOYBEAN POPULATIONS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

The aim of the study is to create hybrid material valuable for breeding soybean varieties of the Siberian ecotype, combining early maturity with high seed productivity in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. The studies were conducted in 2020–2023 in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk Region at the Omsk Scientific Research Center using generally accepted methods. Objects of study: 47 F1-F3 populations isolated from 4 hybrid combinations created in 2020 by crossing the early maturing line of local selection L 52/14 (Mageva  Dina) with later maturing paternal foreign varieties Prudence, Maxus, Kofu (Canada), Pripyat (Belarus), and these original forms. The weather conditions of the period May – September in the years of the experiments were dry (HTC in 2021 – 0.58; 2022 – 0.95; 2023 – 0.78), but relatively favorable for the development of soybean plants. The greatest transgression in seed weight per plant was established in the populations: F2 (L 52/14  Kofu) – the degree of Tc = 138.4 %, the frequency of Tch = 20.9 % and F3 (L 52/14  Maxus) – Tc = 132.3 %, Tch = 8.6 %. In F1–F3, all types of inheritance (hp) of the duration of the growing season (DVP) and seed weight per plant (SWP) were revealed. The earliest maturing population (L 52/14  Prudence) (on average over 3 years, PVP = 90 days) had a negative effect in the inheritance of the analyzed indicators. Only L 52/14  Kofu showed positive overdominance for MSR in F1 and F2. All the created hybrid populations are valuable for soybean breeding in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. But the most promising is the hybrid L 52/14  Prudence – from it, F3 populations with a vegetation period of no more than 105 days with increased transgression rates for MSR were isolated. In the F3 populations of the other three hybrids, 16–35 % of plants had the maximum permissible PVP for the conditions of Western Siberia – 118–125 days. But given the high productivity potential, they are valuable source material for soybean breeding in other regions of the Russian Federation.