Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lower Pole Renal Stones

肾下盏结石是泌尿系统常见疾病之一，其诊断和治疗近年来取得了显著进展。本文综述了肾下盏结石的流行病学、病因、诊断方法及治疗策略。影像学技术的进步提高了结石的检出率，而治疗方面则从传统的开放手术发展到微创技术，如体外冲击波碎石术、经皮肾镜取石术和输尿管软镜手术。本文通过探讨各种治疗方法的适应症、优缺点及并发症，为临床决策提供了参考。未来，随着技术的不断进步，肾下盏结石的诊断和治疗将更加精准化和个性化。Lower pole renal stones are one of the common diseases of the urinary system, and significant progress has been made in their diagnosis and treatment in recent years. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for lower pole renal stones. Advances in imaging technology have improved the detection rate of stones, while treatment has evolved from traditional open surgery to minimally invasive techniques, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and flexible ureteroscopy (FURS). By exploring the indications, advantages, disadvantages, and complications of various treatment methods, this article provides a reference for clinical decision-making. In the future, with continuous technological advancements, the diagnosis and treatment of lower pole renal stones will become more precise and personalized.