Integrating nanotechnology into seed production and management for future ready agriculture

Food and agriculture are directly related to human life. Traditional farming methods restrict the utilization of available farmlands up to their potential. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising solutions for overcoming the shortcomings of traditional agricultural practices. At every stage of agriculture (starting from seed germination until the resultant seed quality), nanotechnology promises to improve crop productivity and quality. The application of nanoparticles with unique physicochemical and biological properties in agriculture to improve seed germination is the initial step in increasing crop yield. Recently, nanotechnology has been recognized as a promising and emerging approach for enhancing crop productivity through seed treatment for improved germination and seedling vigour, foliar application for improved nutrient uptake by plants and nanofertilizers for balanced crop nutrition with reduced chemical inputs and environmental impacts. Additionally, nanoherbicides and nanoinsecticides facilitates targeted and efficient pest and weed control that reduces chemical residues in the ecosystem and improves crop health. Further, applying various nanosensors in the early detection of plant diseases and nutrient deficiencies helps in timely intervention for improved crop management practices. Thus, the aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of nanotechnology in seed quality enhancement of different crops, highlighting its potential to address the food security issues in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner.