Research on the mechanical properties of large-gap warp-knitted spacer fabric reinforced inflatable membrane materials

In the textile industry, innovative materials are increasingly being explored to replace traditional cushioning options. Despite the recognized potential of large-gap warp-knitted spacer fabric reinforced inflatable membrane materials (LWSFRIMs) for applications in various sectors, comprehensive studies addressing their mechanical properties, particularly under impact loading, remain limited. The aim in this research is to fill this gap by investigating large-gap warp-knitted spacer fabric (LWSF) with varying thicknesses and spacer yarn densities, coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to form LWSFRIMs. The investigation included a series of tests to assess compression behavior and low-velocity impact resistance under different loading conditions. The results indicate that the weft-direction tensile strength of LWSF is 29% higher than that of the warp direction. In addition, the tensile strength of the PVC-coated composite material increased by approximately 15%. The limit compressive load of LWSFRIMs increased with increasing air pressure. An increase in spacer yarn density resulted in a 4.5% enhancement in the limit compressive load, while material thickness had a negligible effect on compressive load. Under varying impact energies, the low-speed impact resistance of LWSFRIMs improved by 8–22% with increasing internal pressure. Furthermore, increases in spacer yarn density and material thickness yielded improvements in impact resistance of 6% and 12%, respectively. These findings not only elucidate the mechanical performance characteristics of LWSFRIMs but also suggest their promising potential as versatile alternatives to conventional cushioning materials, thereby advancing the field of textile engineering.