Community Knowledge and Perception of Indigenous Tree Species in Bugesera District, Rwanda

Indigenous tree species play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity, supporting livelihoods, and enhancing ecosystem resilience in Rwanda. However, their survival is threatened by deforestation, agricultural expansion, and erosion of traditional knowledge. This study assessed community knowledge, perceptions, and conservation practices related to indigenous tree species in the Ntarama Sector, Bugesera District, Rwanda. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys (n = 381), focus group discussions (n = 18), and key informant interviews (n = 11). The study documented 20 indigenous tree species, with Ficus thonningii, Albizia gummifera, and Prunus africana being the most recognized. While 90% of respondents were familiar with indigenous species and 85% acknowledged their ecological and socio-economic benefits, only 10% of younger individuals demonstrated awareness, highlighting a generational knowledge gap. Deforestation (95%), climate change (85%), and overharvesting (55%) were identified as major threats. Despite 90% expressing positive attitudes toward conservation, only 65% actively participated in sustainable practices, with financial constraints (35%) and land scarcity (20%) cited as key barriers. Regression analysis revealed that knowledge level (β = 0.72, p < 0.001) and institutional support (β = 0.42, p = 0.009) significantly influenced conservation adoption. The findings underscore the need for integrated strategies that combine traditional knowledge with modern conservation approaches, enhance community education, and provide economic incentives. Policy recommendations include strengthening institutional frameworks, promoting drought-resistant species, and fostering community-led conservation initiatives to ensure the long-term preservation of indigenous trees in Rwanda and similar regions