Advances in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tendon-Bone Healing in Ligament Injuries

韧带损伤作为运动系统常见损伤，显著影响关节稳定性并降低患者生活质量。良好的腱骨愈合是韧带重建手术成功以及术后早期康复的关键，其复杂愈合过程涉及炎症调控、纤维软骨再生及胶原重塑等生物学阶段。骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells, BMSCs)凭借多向分化潜能、免疫调节功能及旁分泌活性，在促进腱骨愈合过程中展现出巨大潜力。本文主要对BMSCs从不同方面治疗韧带损伤以促进腱骨的研究进展进行综述。Ligament injuries, as prevalent disorders of the musculoskeletal system, significantly compromise joint stability and diminish patients’ quality of life. Optimal tendon-to-bone healing is pivotal for successful ligament reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation, involving a complex biological cascade encompassing inflammatory modulation, fibrocartilage regeneration, and collagen remodeling. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), leveraging their multipotent differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory functions, and paracrine activity, exhibit substantial therapeutic potential in enhancing tendon-to-bone integration. This article mainly reviews the research progress of BMSCs in treating ligament injuries from different aspects to promote tendon-bone healing.