Research Progress on the Clinical Application of Immunohistochemistry

免疫组织化学作为一种非常有效的检测技术，结合了免疫学原理和组织化学原理，在临床检疫上面应用广泛。它通过对组织切片中的某些化学成分进行原位的定性、定位研究，同时通过抗原–抗体特异性结合反应，利用显色剂标记目标蛋白质或其他生物分子，在组织切片或细胞样本中原位显示其分布和表达水平。免疫组织化学作为一种基于抗原–抗体特异性结合的检测技术，已在临床病理诊断中发挥核心作用，本文主要是从免疫组织化学在各类疾病的应用方面进行论述，本文综述了其在肿瘤疾病、鉴别诊断、预后评估及靶向治疗指导中的关键应用进展。Immunohistochemistry, as a highly effective detection technique, combines the principles of immunology and histochemistry and is widely used in clinical quarantine. It applies the principles of immunology and histochemistry to conduct qualitative, localized or quantitative study of some chemical components in tissue sections or cell specimens in situ, and uses chromogenic agents to label target proteins or other biomolecules through antigen-antibody specific binding reaction. Distribution and expression levels were shown in situ in tissue sections or cell samples. Immunohistochemistry, as a detection technology based on antigen-antibody specific binding, has played a central role in clinical pathological diagnosis. This article mainly discusses the application of immunohistochemistry in various diseases, and reviews the key application progress of it in tumor diseases, differential diagnosis, prognosis assessment and targeted therapy guidance.