Research Progress on the Treatment of Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease with Traditional Chinese Medicine from the Perspective of Blood Stasis Theory

病原体上行感染内生殖道引起盆腔炎(PID)，盆腔炎反复发作或未及时诊治会形成盆腔炎性疾病后遗症(SPID)，近年来SPID发病率正逐年上升，严重影响女性生活质量。中医认为该病的核心病机在于瘀；现代医学发现，SPID与免疫机制失衡，脂质过氧化、激素调控、细胞凋亡机制、血流动力学改变密切相关。中医可通过抗炎、改善纤维化、改善免疫功能、促进细胞凋亡、改善血流动力学水平、抑制铁死亡等改善SPID临床症状。本研究从中医瘀血理论出发，结合现代医学理论，探讨中医药治疗SPID的相关作用机制，以期为中医药在治疗SPID领域提供新思路与新方法。The upward infection of pathogens in the internal genital tract causes pelvic inflammation (PID). Repeated attacks of PID or failure to timely diagnose and treat PID will form sequelae of pelvic inflammatory diseases (SPID). In recent years, the incidence rate of SPID has been increasing year by year, which seriously affects the quality of life of women. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) believes that the core pathogenesis of this disease lies in blood stasis; modern medicine has found that SPID is closely related to the imbalance of immune mechanisms, lipid peroxidation, hormone regulation, cell apoptosis mechanisms, and hemodynamic changes. TCM can improve the clinical symptoms of SPID by anti-inflammatory, improving fibrosis, enhancing immune function, promoting cell apoptosis, improving hemodynamic levels, and inhibiting ferroptosis. This study starts from the theory of blood stasis in TCM and combines it with modern medical theory to explore the relevant mechanisms of TCM in treating SPID, in order to provide new ideas and methods for TCM in the field of treating SPID.