The characterization of the biological effect of hypoxia-mimetic condition on angiogenic potential in mesenchymal stem cells derived from different origins

Under physiological conditions, adult stem cells are located in a special microenvironment, known as the niche, which is characterized by low oxygen levels. Hypoxia is a crucial factor regulating stem cell behavior, and in vitro normoxic culture often leads to the loss of pluripotency, resulting in reduced therapeutic potential of cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of cobalt chloride (CoCl₂), a hypoxia-mimetic agent, on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different sources by inducing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Cell proliferation, migration, survival, and metabolic activity were assessed. CoCl₂ treatment decreased the proliferation and migration and enhanced the survival of MSCs. Furthermore, a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis was observed in cells. Overall, our findings provide important insights into the mechanisms by which hypoxic conditions differentially influence stem cells, facilitating the improvement of their therapeutic potential.