Crosstalk between Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T Cells: Inducing Immune Tolerance in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a major therapeutic approach in allergy management to induce long-term immune tolerance to allergens.The success of AIT relies on immunological mechanisms, particularly the interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs).Method: This narrative review uses a literature search method on Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases with appropriate keywords.Result: Treg cells play a critical role in regulating and suppressing DC activity, thereby promoting the formation of a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs through multiple molecular mechanisms.These mechanisms include the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-), and inhibition of the expression of costimulatory molecules essential for activating effector T cells.In addition, Tregs can remove antigen-pMHCII complexes from the DC surface, thereby reducing the ability of DCs to present antigen to effector T cells and directly induce apoptosis in certain DCs through Fas/Fas Ligand interactions. Conclusion:This interaction promotes allergen-specific tolerance by establishing an immune environment that inhibits allergic effector cells.Understanding the molecular pathways of Tregmediated DC suppression is critical for developing more effective and safe therapies.