Effects of Neuroplasticity and Neuromodulation on Brain Function

In this medical discipline, devices that record or produce electrical or magnetic activity are used to functionally explore the nervous system for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. These techniques are fundamental to the practice of a wide range of specialties. Today, neurorehabilitation works closely with research in neuroscience, biomechanics, and other fields that encompass the study of human behavior, all in search of more targeted and effective treatments. The objective of this review is to understand how neuroplasticity and neuromodulation occur in the nervous system. This is a literature review, conducting research in the UpToDate, MEDLINE, Scielo, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases using the descriptors: Neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, neuromodulation, and rehabilitation. To highlight emerging and future research studies, a documentary search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases. The total results obtained in the initial screening were counted, and the inclusion criteria were applied. Sixty articles were found in the database, of which only 40 met the requirements of having been published within the last 23 years and providing relevant information on the topic. Original articles, reviews, and case reports published in indexed national and international journals were selected.