Detection and Prevalence of Rabies in Bats from Oaxaca

The rabies virus (genus Lyssavirus), is a deadly zoonotic agent affecting humans and animals. Although Mexico has been declared free of canine rabies (V1), sylvatic rabies persists. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the virus in <i>Desmodus rotundus</i> and other non-hematophagous bat species in Oaxaca. The methodology comprised four stages: a literature review, data requests to the Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), fieldwork using mist nets across 15 municipalities in Oaxaca, and diagnosis via direct immunofluorescence at the Centro Nacional de Servicios de Diagnóstico en Salud Animal (CENASA). SENASICA reported 89 positive rabies cases (2014-2023) across six laboratories, with the majority (67.02%) attributed to the Oaxaca State Public Health Laboratory. Among the 194 bats analyzed (129 <i>D. rotundus</i>), only three tested positive for the virus, yielding a prevalence of 1.54%. Positive cases were exclusively identified in <i>D. rotundus</i> from San Lucas Ojitlán and The Heroic City of Tlaxiaco. This prevalence aligns with that of national studies, which ranges from 0.05% to 3%. These findings underscore the need to maintain epidemiological surveillance in wild and domestic fauna, alongside public awareness campaigns highlighting bats' ecological importance for ecosystem conservation and the risks associated with their decline.