Nanoparticles in plant growth, development and sustainable agriculture-A mini review

Nanoparticles, of size 1 to 100 nm, are used in nanotechnology to enhance plant growth and development. Silicon dioxide boosts germination, zinc oxide induces growth, but TiO2 exposure can damage root systems. Carbon nanotubes boost seedling yield. Farmers are exploring the use of nanoscale chemicals to combat pests and diseases, which can cause pollution and harm human health and the environment. Nanofertilisers, nutrient encapsulated in nanomaterials, can minimize nutrient loss, reduce degradation, and enhance soil fertility. Nanopesticides, formulated in nanomaterials, can improve water solubility and protect agrochemicals against degradation. However, overuse can lead to environmental damage. Nanopesticides are an alternative to chemical pesticides and fertilisers due to their high effectiveness and productivity. Nano herbicides are tiny particles with active ingredients that improve weed management by transporting herbicide molecules. They are incorporated into nanomaterials to enhance bioavailability and control ingredient release. Nanosensors detect plant signals and aid in plant disease diagnosis, but their stability must be considered for agricultural applications.