Recent Advances in Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts

The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using plant extracts has emerged as an environmentally benign and sustainable alternative to conventional physical and chemical methods.This approach leverages the reducing and stabilizing agents naturally present in plants to produce metal and metal oxide nanoparticles with controlled shapes and sizes.The methodology aligns with principles of green chemistry, offering advantages like cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and eco-friendliness.In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of phytochemicals in nanoparticle formation, optimizing synthesis parameters, and exploring biomedical, environmental, and agricultural applications.This review highlights the latest trends, mechanisms, plant species employed, characterization techniques, and application areas, while presenting comparative data in tabular formats and incorporating up-to-date references.