Food insecurity modifies the association between the gut microbiome and the risk of cognitive impairment in adults
This study investigated the role of food insecurity as an effect modifier between the gut microbiome, including groups of microbes (cliques), and risk of cognitive impairment (RCI). The analytical sample (n = 360) included adult participants of the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin with complete data on food insecurity, RCI, and 16S rRNA sequencing from stool samples. Microbial cliques associated with RCI were identified using an interpretable machine-learning-based algorithm. All analyses were stratified by food insecurity level, and adjusted for relevant confounders. We identified two cliques whose associations with RCI were modified by food insecurity status. The presence of the clique with either Eisenbergiella or Eubacterium was more strongly associated with RCI for the food-insecure group (β = 0.29, p < 0.0001). A clique representing the presence of Ruminococcus torques, Bacteroides, CAG-352F, and/or Eubacterium had a stronger association with RCI for the food-secure group (β = 0.1, p < 0.0001). Findings suggest food security be considered in RCI etiology.
Authors
- Vishal Midya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-5176)
- Ajay K. Sethi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5537-9586)
- Jamil M. Lane (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2494-0318)
- Elizabeth E. O’Neal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-4009)
- Chris Gennings (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-5907)
- Elza Rechtman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-6048)
- Paul E. Peppard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-2743)
- Shoshannah Eggers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-9219)
- Amy Schultz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5400-0370)
- Kristen Malecki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-6895)
- Kiran Nagdeo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8633-7307)
- Zachary E. Hoggarth
- Maria J Banas
- Nasia Safdar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-0437)
Institutions
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Chicago Department of Public Health (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- New York University (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- npj Aging
- Published
- 2025-06-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-025-00241-0
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 8.45
Funders
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- National Institutes of Health
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences