Road Safety in Ukraine: Risk Assessment and Digitalization Prospects

The article presents a risk assessment of road safety violations that serve as prerequisites for the occurrence of road traffic accidents caused by drivers. Particular attention is given to the role of technical investigation and automotive forensic analysis as tools for identifying sources of risk and developing preventive measures. The results of ranking based on event frequency and expert assessment of consequence severity allowed the identification of the most critical violations requiring priority attention from the traffic management system. These include: violation of maneuvering rules 3.271; failure to maintain distance and safe intervals 2.203; and speeding 1.679. Meanwhile, the lowest risk values were recorded for: falling asleep while driving 0.004; driving under the influence of alcohol 0.004; and violation of railway crossing rules 0.003. Despite their low frequency, these violations are characterized by high potential danger and therefore also require the implementation of appropriate risk reduction measures. Recommendations are proposed for the implementation of modern smart technologies to reduce the risk levels of each typical violation, including Adaptive Cruise Control, Forward Collision Warning System, Intelligent Speed Assistance, Lane Keeping Assist, Blind Spot Detection, Driver Drowsiness Detection, alcohol interlocks, telematics solutions for vehicle condition monitoring, as well as the integration of V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) technologies. The implementation of such solutions will enhance traffic management, including its safety aspect. The article substantiates the relevance of a proactive approach to road safety management, taking into account the current challenges and limitations specific to the Ukrainian transport system.