Prevalence of Ectoparasites on Poultry Managed under backyard system in and around Ambo town, central Ethiopia

Introduction: Backyard poultry production is considered a source of meat and eggs. However, parasites are among the primary pathogenic agents that threaten poultry health and hinder productivity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and identify the species composition of ectoparasites in poultry managed under the backyard system. This study occurred from January 2024 to August 2024 in and around Ambo town in the Oromia region of central Ethiopia. A total of 334 chickens of different age groups, both sexes, and breeds were examined for the presence or absence of ectoparasites. Samples were collected from various body parts and identified at the species level using a stereomicroscope. Results: Overall, 37.13% (124/334) of chickens were infested with ectoparasites, which were primarily grouped into fleas, lice, fowl ticks, and mites. Six species of ectoparasites were identified. The flea species, Echidnophaga gallinacea, had a higher prevalence rate of 23.35%, while the mite species, Dermanyssus gallinae, had a lower prevalence rate of 1.20%. Compared to male chickens, which had a prevalence rate of 25.00%, female chickens exhibited a higher prevalence rate of ectoparasites at 75.00%. The rate of ectoparasite infestation varied significantly (P<0.05) between the two sexes. Conclusion: The present study revealed that ectoparasitic infestation was highly prevalent among chickens in the study areas, which may be attributed to a lack of attention and poor control practices regarding ectoparasites. Therefore, control of ectoparasites should be based on good management practices, biosecurity, and raising community awareness about the overall effect of ectoparasites on poultry productivity. Improving chicken productivity is essential, and further detailed studies are recommended, focusing on ectoparasite infestations and their impacts.