Constant and Inconstant Political Systems in Radhwa Ashour's Novels

The present study tackles an important problem related to the societal structure, namely the problem of the ruler and the ruled and the relationship between them, which is often based on political tyranny by the authorities and subjugation by the ruled. This problem has resulted in a single authoritarian discourse that does not accept criticism or opposition. Several roots have contributed to its formation, some of which are connected to Eastern civilization and people's beliefs about legislative authority and the enactment of laws as being linked to sacred authority. Others are the result of the residues of colonialism, which contributed to the consolidation of the policy of subjugation. Thus, authority became a symbol of order and stability that could not be rebelled against. Submission to authority became a constant system entrenched in the mental structure of societies, as an absolute truth that cannot be criticized. In its approach, the present study aims to uncover these systems as constants and attempt to build a different awareness that establishes the basis for transformation. The application of this approach is found in the novels of Radhwa Ashour, whose writings address many issues that seek to deconstruct and undermine centralized structures, and to build a different consciousness capable of objective criticism, establishing a different reality where individuals enjoy freedom and creativity.