Achieving universal healthcare access in South Africa: A policy analysis of consensus reform proposals

Of the three options, UHC1, as envisaged in the 1990s, remains the most viable approach to deepen UHC, with UHC2 unlikely to achieve any key UHC goals owing to design weaknesses that deviate from the principle of subsidiarity and financial constraints. Attempts to implement UHC2, thereby obstructing the implementation of key aspects of UHC1, defaults the health system to the residual UHC0 approach - which lacks any strategic vision for deepening UHC.