Multicolor Super-Resolution Structured Illumination Microscopy Based on Snapshot Spectral Ghost Imaging via Sparsity Constraints

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an important super-resolution microscopic imaging technique owing to its rapid imaging speed, broad imaging field of view, and low phototoxicity. Multicolor fluorescence microscopy can promote the analysis of complex biological structures, optimize medical diagnosis and precise treatment, and reveal the mechanism of chemical reactions and the composition of materials. However, the imaging speed of multicolor SIM is relatively limited, and its spatial resolution improvement remains constrained. In this study, we developed a fast multicolor fluorescence super-resolution microscopic imaging technique that leverages the benefits of snapshot multicolor wide-field super-resolution ghost imaging via sparsity constraints, while further improving the spatial resolution through structured illumination. Its theoretical framework was established based on the intensity correlation theory. The experimental results demonstrated a 2.65-fold spatial resolution enhancement beyond the diffraction limit and a 3-fold temporal resolution improvement over traditional three-color SIM imaging.