Hospital frailty risk score in predicting outcomes after simultaneous colon and liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis in older adults: Evidence from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2015–2018

In older patients aged ≥ 60 years undergoing simultaneous CRC and CRLM resection, HFRS-defined frailty is a significant predictor of adverse in-hospital outcomes. The addition of HFRS-defined frailty to demographic and clinical variables in predictive models improved the AUC for mortality prediction. Incorporating frailty assessment into the preoperative risk stratification and decision-making process for these patients may support surgeons in delivering more personalized and effective care.