Floral ecology and autogamy in endemic lesser mallow (Hibiscus hirtus L.): Malvaceae

Hibiscus hirtus L., commonly known as 'Lesser Mallow,' is an endemic species gaining popularity in the horticultural and gardening market due to its striking brick-red and white flowers.The plant exhibits seasonal variations in both flower size and seed quantity.It displays a unique stylar movement and practices autogamous pollination.The present research indicates that both open pollination and autogamy yield similar fruit sizes and seed counts, though these characteristics can fluctuate depending on environmental conditions.Experiments have been designed to demonstrate the autogamous pollination strategies in H. hirtus by isolating plants from potential pollinators, monitoring stylar movement, and confirming successful fertilization through autogamy.Notably, the flower demonstrates stylar and petal movement during rapid autogamy, with sunlight and moisture levels influencing stylar dynamics.This study provides an in-depth examination of the floral ecology of this potentially ornamental lesser mallow, establishing a valuable baseline for plant breeders and horticultural scientists interested in utilizing this germplasm in floriculture.