Specific Aspects of Dental Management in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Inflammatory Conditions of The Oral Mucosa

The article investigates the clinical and therapeutic complexities of managing inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on a comprehensive analysis of multi-center studies, three typological patterns of oral involvement are delineated, correlating with CKD severity and treatment modality. Patients undergoing hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and post-transplant therapy present with xerostomia, gingival hyperplasia, uremic mucositis, and opportunistic infections, frequently accompanied by alterations in the cytokine profile and epithelial atrophy. Salivary hypofunction, immune dysregulation, and mineral-bone metabolism disturbances are identified as key pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to mucosal degradation. Quantitative associations between dialysis duration, inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal destruction are substantiated across clinical cohorts. The analysis reveals that standard dental protocols are insufficient for this patient category and require adaptation to the immunocompromised state and systemic instability. The integration of dental evaluation into nephrological care protocols is justified by the observed bidirectional influence between periodontal inflammation and renal function dynamics.