The Guideline for the Extraction, Purification and Structural Characterization of Sulfated Polysaccharides From Macroalgae

ABSTRACT Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), a class of bioactive macromolecules distinguished by the presence of sulfate ester groups on their monosaccharide units, are primarily localized in high abundance within the extracellular matrix of marine macroalgae. The guideline paper encompasses both conventional and innovative approaches, including hot water extraction, acid/alkali‐assisted extraction, enzyme‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction. The paper further elaborates on sophisticated purification strategies, particularly focusing on diethylaminoethyl cellulose anion‐exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and membrane filtration. Additionally, it provides in‐depth structural characterization techniques, including reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, high‐performance size exclusion chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.