Multi-Dimensional Review and Development Path of China’s Duty Lawyer System

我国刑事诉讼程序中，值班律师制度作为维护当事人合法权益的重要保障，在司法实践中发挥着特殊作用。该制度对于确保程序正义和实体公正具有不可替代的作用，但当前运行机制仍面临亟待解决的现实难题。本文系统梳理该制度在职能定位、权利范围、现实挑战及作用发挥等方面的现状，结合学界研究成果与实际案例，从制度优化视角提出改进方案，以期促进刑事司法体系改革，更好实现社会公平正义的价值追求。As an important guarantee for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of parties in China's criminal litigation process, the duty lawyer system plays a special role in judicial practice. This system is irreplaceable for ensuring procedural justice and substantive fairness, but the current operation mechanism still faces urgent practical problems. This paper systematically combs the current situation of the system in terms of functional positioning, scope of rights, practical challenges, and role play. Combining academic research results and practical cases, it proposes improvement solutions from the perspective of system optimization to promote the reform of the criminal justice system and better achieve the value pursuit of social fairness and justice.