IER-SMCEM: An Implicit Expression Recognition Model of Emojis in Social Media Comments Based on Prompt Learning

Financial text analytics methods are employed to examine social media comments, allowing investors to gain insights and make informed financial decisions. Some emojis within these comments often convey diverse semantics, emotions, or intentions depending on the context. However, traditional financial text analysis methods relying on public annotations struggle to identify implicit expressions, leading to suboptimal performance. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an implicit expression recognition model of emojis in social media comments (IER-SMCEM). Firstly, IER-SMCEM innovative designs a data enhancement method based on the implicit expression of emoji. This method expands the pure text financial sentiment analysis dataset into the implicit expression dataset of emoji by homophonic replacement. Secondly, IER-SMCEM designs a prompt learning template to identify the implicit expression of emoji. Through hand-designed templates, large-scale language models can predict the true meaning that emojis are most likely to express. Finally, IER-SMCEM recovers implicit expression by choosing the predictions of models. Thus, the downstream financial sentiment analysis model can more precisely realize the sentiment recognition of the text with emoji by the recovered text. The experimental results indicate that IER-SMCEM achieves a 98.03% accuracy in semantically recovering implicit expressions within financial texts. In the task of financial sentiment analysis, the sentiment analysis model achieves the highest accuracy of 3.99% after restoring the true implied expression of the texts. Therefore, the model can be effectively applied to sentiment analysis or quantitative analysis.