History of otorhinolaryngology in the light of inventions over 100 years. Reliability of protection of inventions in our time

Invention in the field of otorhinolaryngology has a rich history and unique conditions that allow creating domestic innovative developments. Intellectual property is a tool that allows developers to gain competitive advantages in promoting their products both on the territory of their country, thereby promptly replacing the missing product with domestic technologies, and abroad, expanding sales markets for domestic developments, while providing them with protection from unauthorized use in the foreign market. This article examines various aspects of the importance of intellectual property in the field of otorhinolaryngology based on statistical data for the period from 1919 to July 2024. The main trends of inventive activity in the specialty in the USSR and the Russian Federation, as well as abroad, are formulated. The predominance of resident applicants in the number of copyright certificates in the territory of the Russian Federation has been revealed. Scientists have been and still are key developers in the field of otorhinolaryngology throughout the analyzed period. The United States and the People's Republic of China have become the world leaders in the number of patents in otorhinolaryngology. Nevertheless, at the moment, favorable conditions have developed in the Russian Federation for the creation and correct registration of intellectual property in otorhinolaryngology.