Assessment of awareness, consumption, and disposal behavior of information and communication technology waste among consumers in Windhoek, Namibia

The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) waste in Namibia poses significant environmental and health risks. This study investigates the status of the management of waste printers, ink, and toner cartridge composition and generation in Windhoek, Namibia. Using a mixed-methods approach, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 participants, and quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire, which was completed by 60 respondents. Additional secondary data was sourced from NamiGreen, a local e-waste recycling company that has been inventorying the volume of ICT waste that includes printers, ink and toner cartridges. Data collected was analyzed using thematic, content and statistical analysis. Notably, 65% of respondents supported recycling as a vital tool for reducing environmental issues, while 40% rated current disposal practices as poor. A high consumption of ICT waste was indicated as a serious problem in Windhoek. Regression analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) between perceptions of environmental benefits and public views on ICT waste management. ANOVA (p < 0.037) and t-test (p < 0.05) results further demonstrated significant differences in disposal practices between parastatal and private sectors. Secondary data analysis using OLS regression showed a compound annual growth of about 23% in collected ICT waste, underscoring the urgency of the issue. The findings also highlight the importance of individual awareness and practices in managing ICT waste. The study recommends intensifying awareness campaigns, promoting recycling and reuse, and establishing strategic partnerships with key stakeholders to address the challenges of ICT waste management in Namibia. Such initiatives are critical to promoting green practices and helping Namibia achieve its Vision 2030 and meet the Sustainable Development Goals for sustainable production and consumption. These findings provide a basis for future policy development.