Requirements engineering of the Internet of Things systems

Requirements engineering is one of the defining processes of systems engineering. The inten-sive development and spread of the Internet of Things (IoT) systems requires the development of an information and methodological basis for their development, especially at the stage of re-quirements definition. The complexity, heterogeneity, and convergence of the IoT systems cause corresponding problems at all stages of their design, including the stage of requirements definition. The process of determining system requirements transforms the stakeholders’ view of the desired capabilities into the developer’s technical understanding of how the system can achieve these capabilities. System requirements describe the requirements that the target sys-tem must meet in order to satisfy the needs of stakeholders and are expressed in an appropriate combination of well-formed textual statements and supporting models or diagrams. The devel-opment of the IoT systems is associated with solving problems caused by the convergent and adaptive nature of such systems, which determine their complexity. Taking into account the adaptive nature of the IoT systems at the early stages of the development life cycle is important for developing a complete and accurate specification of the target system. There are many as-pects of the IoT systems: software, hardware, and network in the context of the environment. Software is the basis of information processing in the IoT systems. It controls the system and provides interaction between the system and the environment, equipment and network. Hard-ware includes physical objects or devices that are part of the IoT system and must be specified at the requirements stage to ensure that the features of interaction with the hardware are taken into account. The variability of the environment causes uncertainties in the work. The IoT sys-tem must be designed in such a way as to take into account the uncertain nature of the environ-ment in which the system functions. The article analyzes approaches and tools for managing requirements, taking into account the context of the Internet of Things systems.