Enhancing Tissue Integration and Reducing Inflammation in Silicone and Human Acellular Dermal Matrix Implants via Vacuum Plasma Treatment

Plasma, an ionized gas composed of charged particles, has shown therapeutic potential in enhancing biological processes such as wound healing and tissue integration. Implants, such as silicone and human acellular dermal matrix (hADM), are commonly used in reconstructive surgery, but improving their biocompatibility and integration remains a challenge. This study investigated the effects of vacuum plasma treatment on silicone and hADM implants using an in vivo rat model. Plasma-treated and untreated implants were inserted subcutaneously, and tissue samples were collected at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-implantation. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess inflammation, cellular infiltration, collagen formation (neocollagenesis), and angiogenesis. Results showed that plasma-treated silicone and hADM implants had significantly reduced capsule thickness at weeks 4 and 8 compared to untreated controls, indicating a lower chronic inflammatory response. Plasma treatment also promoted greater fibroblast infiltration and enhanced neocollagenesis within the hADM implants. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed a notable increase in blood vessel formation around and within the plasma-treated hADM implants, suggesting improved vascularization. In conclusion, vacuum plasma treatment enhances the biocompatibility and tissue integration of implants by reducing inflammation and promoting cellular and vascular responses, offering promising potential for improving outcomes in reconstructive surgery.